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Klimakterium

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Definition:
Das Klimakterium umfasst den Zeitraum um die Menopause und die Zeit danach.
Häufigkeit:
Zum Zeitpunkt der Menopause sind die Frauen in Deutschland im Median 51 Jahre alt.
Symptome:
Die typischen Symptome sind Blutungsstörungen, Hitzewallungen und vermehrte Schweißausbrüche, evtl. psychische Symptome, mit der Zeit auch Folgesymptome einer urogenitalen Atrophie der Schleimhäute.
Befunde:
Der klinische Befund kann eine atrophische Vaginalschleimhaut sein.
Diagnostik:
Zusatzuntersuchungen sind im Allgemeinen nicht erforderlich.
Therapie:
Bei den meisten Frauen ist eine Behandlung nicht erforderlich; evtl. kann eine niedrig dosierte Hormontherapie über einen möglichst kurzen Zeitraum gegeben werden. Bei Unverträglichkeit, Kontraindikation oder auf Wunsch der Patientin können andere Therapieverfahren eingesetzt werden.
  • Deutsche Gesellschaft für Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe (DGGG). Peri- und Postmenopause – Diagnostik und Interventionen. AWMF-Leitlinie Nr. 015-062. S3, Stand 2020. www.awmf.org 
  • Dachverband Osteologie. Prophylaxe, Diagnostik und Therapie der Osteoporose. AWMF-Leitlinie Nr. 183-001. S3, Stand 2017. www.awmf.org 
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  • Thomas M. Heim, Dr. med., Wissenschaftsjournalist, Freiburg
  • Erika Baum, Prof. Dr. med., Professorin für Allgemeinmedizin, Biebertal (Review)