Vorhofflimmern/-flattern
Zuletzt bearbeitet: Zuletzt revidiert:
Zuletzt revidiert von:Thomas M. Heim
Definition:
Vorhofflimmern ist eine unregelmäßige Vorhofaktivität mit einer Frequenz von 350–600. Bei Frequenzen von 250–350 pro Minute spricht man von Vorhofflattern. Bei 20–30 % der Patient*innen ist die Ursache unbekannt, allerdings kann aber auch eine strukturelle Herzerkrankung zugrunde liegen. Es werden 3 Formen des Vorhofflimmerns unterschieden: paroxysmal, persistierend oder permanent.
Häufigkeit:
Die Prävalenz in Deutschland liegt im Alter zwischen 35 und 74 Jahren bei 2,5 % der Bevölkerung. Mit dem Alter steigt die Wahrscheinlichkeit für das Auftreten von Vorhofflimmern; die Prävalenz in der Altersgruppe 75–84 Jahre liegt bei 12 %.
Symptome:
Kein oder unregelmäßiger Herzrhythmus, Herzklopfen, Atemnot, Erschöpfung, Schwindel oder Synkope.
Befunde:
Unregelmäßiger Puls, Pulsdefizit.
Diagnostik:
Ruhe-EKG, ggf. Langzeit-EKG.
Therapie:
Indikation zur Antikoagulation in Abhängigkeit vom Schlaganfallrisiko (CHA2DS2-VASc-Score). Zur Reduktion der klinischen Symptomatik wird eine Frequenzkontrolle angestrebt. Je nach Ausgangslage kann auch eine Rhythmuskontrolle (Regularisierung) versucht werden.
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- Thomas M. Heim, Dr. med., Wissenschaftsjournalist, Freiburg
- Hans-Otto Wagner, Dr. med., Facharzt für Allgemeinmedizin, Hamburg-Eppendorf (Review)