Schlaganfall und TIA
Zuletzt bearbeitet: Zuletzt revidiert:
Zuletzt revidiert von:Caroline BeierDefinition:
Plötzlich einsetzender fokaler oder globaler Funktionsverlust aufgrund von Blutzirkulationsstörungen im Gehirn. Bei einer vollständigen Rückbildung der Symptome innerhalb von 24 Stunden spricht man von einer TIA (= transitorische ischämische Attacke). Gehirnblutungen (hämorrhagischer Insult) machen 10–15 %, Infarkte (ischämischer Insult) 80–85 % aus.
Häufigkeit:
Ca. 200.000 neue und insgesamt ca. 270.000 Schlaganfälle pro Jahr. Jährlich sterben ca. 63.000 Menschen an den Folgen eines Schlaganfalls. Der Schlaganfall ist somit die dritthäufigste Todesursache.
Symptome:
FAST: Am häufigsten sind Fazialisparese (Face), verringerte Kraft im Arm (Arm), Sprach-/Wortfindungsstörungen oder undeutliche Aussprache (Speech). Wenn diese Symptome vorliegen, dann umgehende Einweisung (Time)!
Befunde:
Paresen in den Extremitäten, Fazialisparese, Aphasie, evtl. Sensibilitätsstörungen, Sehstörungen, Bewusstseinsstörungen.
Diagnostik:
Akute Einweisung zur CT- oder MRT-Untersuchung.
Therapie:
Bei Infarkt: Thrombolyse innerhalb von 4,5 Stunden nach dem ersten Auftreten der Symptome, Behandlung auf der Schlaganfallsstation (Stroke Unit).
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- Caroline Beier, Dr. med. Fachärztin für Allgemeinmedizin, Hamburg
- Dirk Nonhoff, Dr. med., Facharzt für Allgemeinmedizin, Köln
- Günther Egidi, Dr. med., Arzt für Allgemeinmedizin, Bremen (Review)
Frühere Autoren
- Bent Indredavik, dr. med., seksjonsoverlege, seksjon for hjerneslag, Medisinsk avdeling, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim
- Ingard Løge, spesialist i allmennmedisin, redaktør NEL