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Parkinson-Syndrom

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Definition:
Eine progrediente, neurodegenerative Erkrankung, bei der sich allmählich Symptome eines Dopaminmangels entwickeln.
Häufigkeit:
Die Prävalenz liegt etwa bei 108–257/100.000 Einw., die jährliche Inzidenz bei 11–19/100.000 Einw.
Symptome:
Leitsymptome sind Ruhetremor, Rigor, Akinese/Bradykinese und Standunsicherheit.
Befunde:
Akinese/Bradykinese mit mindestens einem weiteren der genannten Leitsymptome. Häufig ist der Tremor das erste Symptom.
Diagnostik:
Die Syndromdiagnose stützt sich ausschließlich auf den klinischen Befund. Weitere Untersuchungen dienen vor allem der differenzialdiagnostischen Abklärung der Parkinson-Ursache und der meist vorhandenen Komorbidität.
Therapie:
Zur medikamentösen Therapie werden Levodopa, COMT-Hemmer, MAO-B-Hemmer und/oder Dopaminagonisten eingesetzt. Die Behandlung erfolgt im Rahmen eines multimodalen Therapiekonzepts und schließt in der Regel Physiotherapie, Ergotherapie sowie psychosoziale und neuropsychologische Interventionen ein.
  • Deutsche Gesellschaft für Neurologie. Idiopathisches Parkinson-Syndrom. AWMF-Leitlinie Nr. 030-010. S3, Stand 2016. www.awmf.org 
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  • Thomas M. Heim, Dr. med., Wissenschaftsjournalist, Freiburg